Makina opangira makina ndi imodzi mwanjira zopangira utomoni wopanga. Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu yokhotakhota, hoop kumulowetsa, kumulowetsa ndege komanso kumulowetsa mozungulira. Njira zitatuzi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe awo, ndipo njira yonyowa yokhayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha zida zake zosavuta komanso mtengo wotsika wopangira.
Njira yozungulira yokhotakhota ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zopangira utomoni wopanga zida zopangira. Ndi mtundu wa ulusi wopitilira muyeso kapena tepi yamphesa yophatikizidwa ndi utomoni womata pansi pamavuto olamulidwa ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wokonzedweratu, kenako mosalekeza, mofananamo komanso pafupipafupi mabala pachikombole kapena pakatikati, kenako kutentha kotani Kumachiritsidwa pansi chilengedwe kuti chikhale njira yopangira zinthu zopangira mawonekedwe ena. Makina ojambula pamalangizo amtundu wa filament wopangira 1-1.
Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu yokhotakhota (Chithunzi 1-2): kumangiriza hoop, kumulowetsa ndege komanso kumulowetsa mozungulira. Chingwe cholimbitsa chilimbacho chimapwetekabe pang'onopang'ono pachikombole pakona pafupifupi madigiri 90 (nthawi zambiri 85-89 madigiri) ndi mzere wa mandrel. Malangizo amkati amalumikizidwa mosalekeza pachikombole chachikulu, ndipo chowongolera cholimbitsa mwamphamvu chimapendekeka kumapeto onse awiri a chikombole, koma chimapwetekedwa mosalekeza pachikombole pachimake pakapangidwe kazitsulo.
Kukula kwa ukadaulo wokulirapo wa filament kumayenderana kwambiri ndi chitukuko cha zida zolimbitsa, makina a utomoni ndi zopanga zamakono. Ngakhale mu Mzera wa Han panali njira yolemetsa mitengo yazitali yayitali yokhala ndi silika wa bamboo wamtali ndi silika wopindika ndikuwapatsa mphamvu ndi lacquer kuti apange mitengo yayitali yazida monga Ge, Halberd, ndi zina zambiri, sizinali mpaka zaka za m'ma 1950 pomwe ulusiwo udatha ndondomekoyi inakhala luso lopanga zinthu. . Mu 1945, ukadaulo wopangira filament udagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kuyimitsidwa kwamagudumu kopanda madzi. Mu 1947, makina oyamba opangira makina adapangidwa. Ndikukula kwa ulusi wapamwamba kwambiri monga kaboni fiber ndi aramid fiber ndikuwonekera kwa makina oyendetsedwa ndi microcomputer, makina opangira ma filament, ngati ukadaulo wopanga zinthu wopanga mwaluso kwambiri, wapangidwa mwachangu. Madera onse omwe atheka agwiritsidwa ntchito.
Malinga ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamankhwala ndi yakuthupi ya masanjidwe amtundu wa resin panthawi yakumapeto, makinawo amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: owuma, onyowa komanso owuma pang'ono:
1. Njira youma
Kuyimitsa kouma kumagwiritsa ntchito tepi yolumikizidwa kale yomwe idamizidwa pasadakhale ndipo ili mgawo B. Tepu yoyeserera imapangidwa ndikuperekedwa mufakitole kapena malo ochitira msonkhano. Mukamayimitsa kouma, tepi yoyeserera imafunika kutenthedwa ndikufewetsa pamakina oyimilira musanalimane ndi nkhungu. Popeza zomatira, kukula kwa tepi ndi mtundu wa tepi ya prereg zitha kuzindikirika ndikuwunikidwa zisanamalize, mtundu wa malondawo ukhoza kuwongoleredwa molondola. Kupanga bwino kwa kumulowetsa kowuma ndikokwera, liwiro loyenda limatha kufika 100-200m / min, ndipo malo ogwirira ntchito ndi oyera. Komabe, zida zowuma zokulunga ndizovuta komanso zodula, ndipo mphamvu yolowetsa pakati pa ubweya wa mankhwalawa ndiwotsika.
2. Wonyowa
Kumanga konyowa ndikumanga ulusi, kuviika mu guluu, ndikuwongolera mwachindunji pachikombole cholamulidwa ndi mavuto, kenako ndikulimba. Zipangizo zopangira konyowa ndizosavuta, koma chifukwa tepiyo imavulazidwa akangolowa, ndizovuta kuwongolera ndikuwunika zomatira zomwe zili munthawi yamagetsi. Nthawi yomweyo, pamene zosungunulira mu guluu zimakhazikika, ndikosavuta kupanga zolakwika monga thovu ndi ma pores pamalonda. , Mavutowa savuta kuwongolera pakamayendedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, ogwira ntchito amagwira ntchito m'malo momwe zosungunulira zimasanduka nthunzi ndi zingwe zazifupi zikuwuluka, ndipo magwiridwe antchito siabwino.
3. Zouma pang'ono
Poyerekeza ndi njira yonyowa, njira yowuma yowonjezerayi imapanganso zida zowumitsira panjira yochokera pachimake cholowera mpaka kupota mpaka pachikombole chachikulu, chomwe chimatulutsa zosungunulira mu ulusi wa tepi wa ulusi. Poyerekeza ndi njira yowuma, njira yowuma siyodalira zida zonse zoyeserera za prereg. Ngakhale zomatira za mankhwalawa ndizovuta kuwongolera molondola monga njira yonyowa pochita izi, ndipo palinso zida zina zoyimitsira zapakatikati kuposa njira yonyowa, kulimbikira kwa ogwira ntchito ndikokulirapo, koma zopindika monga thovu ndi pores mu mankhwala kwambiri yafupika.
Njira zitatuzi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe awo, ndipo njira yonyowa yokhayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha zida zake zosavuta komanso mtengo wotsika wopangira. Ubwino ndi zovuta za njira zitatu zokulutsira zikuyerekeza pa Gulu 1-1.
Main ntchito ndondomeko kumulowetsa kupanga
1. FRP thanki yosungirako
Yosungirako ndi mayendedwe a zakumwa zikuwononga, monga alkalis, mchere, zidulo, ndi zina zambiri, akasinja achitsulo ndi ovuta kuvunda ndi kutayikira, ndipo moyo wautumiki ndi waufupi kwambiri. Mtengo wosinthira kuzitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndiwokwera, ndipo zotsatira zake sizabwino ngati zopangira zambiri. Mafuta osungidwa pansi pa petroleum magalasi okhala ndi fiber omwe amalimbitsa matanki osungira pulasitiki amatha kuteteza kutuluka kwa mafuta ndikuteteza magwero amadzi. Makoma osungira a FRP awiri okhala ndi khoma komanso mapaipi a FRP opangidwa ndi makina opangira ma filament akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo opangira mafuta
2. Mapaipi a FRP
Zitoliro zopangira ulusi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mapaipi ochapira mafuta, mapaipi a petrochemical anticorrosive, mapaipi amadzi, ndi mapaipi amafuta achilengedwe chifukwa champhamvu zawo, kukhulupirika kwawo, magwiridwe antchito abwino, osavuta kukwaniritsa mafakitale ogwira ntchito, komanso ndalama zochepa zogwirira ntchito. Ndipo ma particles olimba (monga ntchentche phulusa ndi mchere) mapaipi oyendetsa ndi zina zotero.
3. FRP mankhwala opanikizika
Makina opangira ma filament amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zombo zama FRP (kuphatikiza zotengera zokhotakhota) ndi zopopera za FRP zomwe zimapanikizika (kuthamanga kwamkati, kuthamanga kwakunja kapena zonse ziwiri).
Zombo zamagetsi za FRP zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakampani ankhondo, monga zipolopolo zolimba za rocket, zipolopolo zama roketi, zotengera za FRP, zipolopolo zakunja kwamadzi, ndi zina zotero. kutayikira kapena kuwonongeka pakapanikizika kwina, monga madzi am'nyanja amachotsa mapaipi osmosis ndi mapaipi oyambitsa roketi. Makhalidwe abwino azida zopangidwira athandiza kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zipolopolo zama roketi ndi akasinja amafuta amitundu yosiyanasiyana yokonzedwa ndi makina opangira ma filament, omwe akhala malangizo opangira makina tsopano komanso mtsogolo. Mulinso nyumba zosinthira ma injini zazing'ono ngati masentimita ochepa, komanso nyumba zama injini zama rocket akulu onyamula zokulirapo mita 3.
Kukonza njira chitoliro kumulowetsa FRP
1. Zifukwa zazikulu zophatikizika ndizopanga izi:
a) Chinyezi chambiri mlengalenga. Chifukwa nthunzi yamadzi imachedwetsa ndikuletsa kutenthedwa kwa utomoni wa polyester wosavomerezeka ndi utomoni wa epoxy, imatha kupangitsanso kukhazikika kumtunda, komanso zolakwika monga kuchiritsa kosakwanira kwa malonda kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti kupanga zinthu zopangidwa kumachitika pamene chinyezi chimakhala chotsika kuposa 80%.
b) Sera ya parafini yocheperako mu utomoni wosakanizidwa wa polyester kapena sera ya parafini siyikukwaniritsa zofunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uwonongeke mlengalenga. Kuphatikiza pakuwonjezera parafini woyenera, njira zina (monga kuwonjezera cellophane kapena kanema wa polyester) zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupatula mawonekedwe ake kuchokera mlengalenga.
c) Mlingo wothandizira wothandizila komanso accelerator sukwaniritsa zofunikira, ndiye kuti mlingowo uyenera kuyang'aniridwa molingana ndi njira yomwe ikufotokozedweratu pokonzekera guluu.
d) Kwa ma resin a polyester osakwaniritsidwa, ma styrene ochulukirapo amadzaza mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mchere wosakwanira usakhale mu resin. Kumbali imodzi, utomoni suyenera kutenthedwa musanapangidwe. Kumbali ina, kutentha kozungulira sikuyenera kukhala kochuluka kwambiri (nthawi zambiri madigiri 30 Celsius ndi oyenera), ndipo kuchuluka kwa mpweya sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri.
2. Pali thovu lambiri pamalonda, ndipo zifukwa zake ndi izi:
a) The thovu mpweya si kwathunthu lotengeka, ndipo aliyense wosanjikiza kufalitsa ndi kumulowetsa ayenera adagulung'undisa mobwerezabwereza ndi wodzigudubuza ndi. Chopangiracho chiyenera kupangidwa kukhala chozungulira ngati zigzag kapena chozungulira cha poyambira.
b) mamasukidwe akayendedwe a utomoni ndi wokulirapo, ndipo thovu la mpweya lobweretsedwa mu utomoni silingachotsedwe pamene likuyenda kapena kutsuka. Muyenera kuwonjezera kuchuluka koyenera. Kutsekemera kwa utomoni wa polyester wosakwaniritsidwa ndi styrene; the diluent of the epoxy resin can be ethanol, acetone, toluene, xylene and other non-reactive or glycerol ether-based reactive diluents. Kutsekemera kwa utomoni wa furan ndi phenolic resin ndi ethanol.
c) Kusankha kosayenera kwa zida zolimbikitsira, mitundu yazinthu zolimbikitsira zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kuunikidwanso.
d) Ntchitoyi siyabwino. Malinga ndi ma resin osiyanasiyana ndi zida zolimbikitsira, njira zoyenera monga kusambira, kutsuka, ndi kugudubuza kuyenera kusankhidwa.
3. Zifukwa zoperekera mankhwala ndi izi:
a) nsalu CHIKWANGWANI sichinayambe mankhwala, kapena mankhwala sikokwanira.
b) Mavuto a nsaluyo ndi osakwanira pakuzungulira, kapena thovu lambiri.
c) Kuchuluka kwa utomoni sikokwanira kapena mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi okwera kwambiri, ndipo ulusiwo sukhuta.
d) Fomuyi ndi yopanda tanthauzo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito zisamayende bwino, kapena kuthamanga kwachangu ndikothamanga kwambiri kapena pang'onopang'ono.
e) Mukachira, zinthu sizoyenera (nthawi zambiri zimachiritsa msanga kapena kutentha kwambiri).
Mosasamala kanthu za kuyimitsidwa komwe kumachitika pazifukwa zilizonse, kuyikidwako kuyenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, ndipo utoto wosanjikiza kunja kwa malo olakwika uyenera kupukutidwa ndi chopukusira kapena makina opukutira, m'lifupi mwake mulibe ochepera 5cm, kenako nkukhazikitsanso malingana ndi zofunikira pantchitoyo. Pansi.
Mosasamala kanthu za zolakwika pamwambapa, njira zoyenera ziyenera kutengedwa kuti zithetse kwathunthu kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zaubwino.
Zifukwa ndi mayankho a delamination omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mapaipi a FRP
Zifukwa zakusokonekera kwa mapaipi amchenga a FRP:
Zifukwa: “Tepiyo ndi yakale kwambiri; AmountUtali wa tepi ndi wocheperako kapena wosafanana; TemperatureKutentha kwa wodzigudubuza otentha ndikotsika kwambiri, utomoni susungunuka bwino, ndipo tepi siyingathe kumamatira pachimake; ④ Mavuto a tepi ndi ochepa; Kuchuluka kwa wotulutsa mafuta wochulukirapo kumawononga nsalu yapachiyambi.
Yankho: glueZomatira za nsalu yomata ndi zomata zomwe zili mu utomoni wosungunuka ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira; TemperatureKutentha kwa wodzigudubuza otentha kumasinthidwa mpaka kukwera kwambiri, kotero kuti pamene nsalu yomata imadutsa pa wodzigudubuza wotentha, nsalu yomata ndiyofewa komanso yomata, ndipo phukusi la chubu limatha kutsatira kwambiri. JustSinthani kulumikizana kwa tepi; OMusagwiritse ntchito othandizira kutulutsa mafuta kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwake.
Chithovu pakhoma lamkati la chubu chagalasi
Cholinga chake ndikuti chovala cha mtsogoleri sichili pafupi ndi akufa.
Yankho: Tcherani khutu kuntchito, onetsetsani kuti mwamatira chovala cha mtsogoleriyo mosasunthika pachimake.
Chifukwa chachikulu chopopera thovu atachiritsa FRP kapena thovu litachiritsa chubu ndikuti zomwe zili mu tepiyo ndizazikulu kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kotsika kumakhala kotsika, komanso kuthamanga kwachangu ndikuthamanga. . Chubu ikatenthedwa ndikulimba, zotsalira zake zimatsalira ndikutentha, ndikupangitsa chubu kuphulika.
Yankho: Sungani zosakhazikika pa tepi, moyenera yonjezerani kutentha kochepetsera ndikuchepetsa liwiro loyenda.
Chifukwa chakukwinya kwa chubu pambuyo pochiritsa ndikumata kwakukulu kwa tepi. Yankho: Chepetsani zomata zomwe zili mu tepi ndikuchepetsa kutentha.
Wosayenerera FRP kupirira magetsi
Zomwe zimayambitsa: t Mavuto amatepi panthawi yokhotakhota sakukwanira, kutentha kocheperako kumakhala kotsika kapena kuthamanga kwachangu ndikuthamanga, kotero kuti kulumikizana pakati pa nsalu ndi nsalu sikuli bwino, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zotsalira zomwe zili mumachubu ndizazikulu; TubeChubu sichichira kwathunthu.
Yankho: ①Chulukitsani mavuto a tepi, yonjezerani kutentha kochepetsera kapena muchepetse kuthamanga kwazomwe mukugudubuza; JustSinthani njira yochizira kuti muwonetsetse kuti chubu ichira bwino.
Nkhani zomwe ziyenera kudziwika:
1. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kocheperako komanso zinthu zopepuka, ndizosavuta kuyika mapaipi a FRP m'malo omwe madzi ake amakhala pansi kwambiri, ndipo njira zotsutsana ndi kuyandama monga ma piers kapena madzi amvula amayenera kuyang'aniridwa.
2. Pakumanga tiyi wotseguka pazipayipi zamagalasi zoyikika ndikukonza ming'alu ya mapaipi, amafunika kuti akhale ofanana ndi malo owuma omwe ali mufakitole, ndipo utomoni ndi nsalu ya fiber yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga imayenera kuchiritsidwa kwa 7 -8 maola, ndi kumanga malo ndi kukonza Kukonza kumakhala kovuta kukwaniritsa izi.
3. Zida zapayipansi zapansi pantchito zomwe zimapezeka makamaka zimazindikira mapaipi achitsulo. Zipangizo zosagwiritsa ntchito payipi ndizokwera mtengo. Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano ndizosatheka kudziwa mapaipi a FRP atayikidwa m'manda. Zina zomanga pambuyo pake ndizosavuta kukumba ndikuwononga payipi panthawi yomanga.
4. Mphamvu yotsutsa-ultraviolet ya chitoliro cha FRP ndiyosauka. Pakadali pano, mapaipi omwe ali pamwamba pa FRP amachedwetsa nthawi yokalamba ndikupanga 0.5mm wonenepa wokhala ndi utomoni wambiri komanso ma ultraviolet absorber (opangidwa mufakitole) pamwamba pake. Pakapita nthawi, utoto wokhala ndi utomoni wonunkhira komanso mawonekedwe a UV adzawonongedwa, potero zimakhudza moyo wake wantchito.
5. Zofunikira zakuya pakudzaza nthaka. Nthawi zambiri, dothi losaya kwambiri la SN5000 kalasi yachitsulo chitoliro pansi panjira yonseyi silochepera 0.8m; nthaka yophimba kwambiri sioposa 3.0m; nthaka yokuta yopepuka kwambiri ya SN2500 grade galasi yachitsulo siyosachepera 0.8m; Nthaka yodzaza kwambiri ndi 0.7m ndi 4.0m motsatana).
6. Nthaka yobwezeretsayi siyikhala ndi zinthu zolimba zokulirapo kuposa 50mm, monga njerwa, miyala, ndi zina, kuti zisawononge khoma lakunja la payipi.
7. Palibe malipoti okhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa mapaipi a FRP ndi makampani akuluakulu amadzi mdziko lonselo. Popeza mapaipi a FRP ndi mitundu yatsopano ya mapaipi, moyo wautumiki sunadziwikebe.
Zomwe zimayambitsa, njira zamankhwala ndi njira zodzitetezera pakudontha kwamipope yamagalasi azitsulo
1. Kuwunika kwa zomwe zimayambitsa kutayikira
FRP chitoliro ndi mtundu wa mosalekeza galasi CHIKWANGWANI analimbitsa thermosetting utomoni chitoliro. Ndiwosalimba kwambiri ndipo singathe kupirira zovuta zakunja. Pogwiritsira ntchito, zimakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zamkati ndi zakunja, ndipo nthawi zina kutayikira (kutayikira, kuphulika) kumachitika, komwe kumawononga chilengedwe ndikuwononga nthawi ya jekeseni wamadzi. Voterani. Pambuyo pakufufuza ndikusanthula, kutayikira kumachitika makamaka pazifukwa zotsatirazi.
1.1, zovuta zakugwira ntchito kwa FRP
Popeza FRP ndichinthu chophatikizika, zinthuzo ndi zomwe zimachitika zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zakunja, makamaka chifukwa cha zinthu zotsatirazi:
(1) Mtundu wa utomoni wopanga komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchiritsa kwake kumakhudza utomoni, utomoni wonyezimira komanso wothandizira, komanso ulusi wopangira ulusi wopangira galasi.
(2) Kapangidwe kazinthu za FRP komanso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magalasi azikhala ndi zovuta za zovuta za FRP zimakhudza mtundu waukadaulo. Zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana pazofalitsa zimayambitsanso ukadaulo waukadaulo kukhala wovuta.
(3) Mphamvu zachilengedwe makamaka zimakhudza chilengedwe cha kapangidwe kake, kutentha kwa mumlengalenga, ndi chinyezi.
(4) Mphamvu ya ndondomekoyi, ngakhale njira yaukadaulo ndiyabwino kapena siyikhudza mwachindunji ntchito yomanga.
Chifukwa cha zinthu monga zinthu, magwiridwe antchito, zoyeserera zachilengedwe, ndi njira zowunikira, magwiridwe antchito a FRP akuchepa, ndipo padzakhala zochepa zolephera zakomweko pakhoma la chubu, ming'alu yakuda mkati mwamakina amkati ndi akunja, ndi zina zambiri. , zomwe ndizovuta kuzipeza pakuyendera, komanso pokhapokha mukuzigwiritsa ntchito. Zikuwululidwa kuti ndi vuto lazogulitsa.
1.2, kuwonongeka kwakunja
Pali malamulo okhwima pamaulendo ataliatali ndikutsitsa ndikutsitsa mapaipi achitsulo. Ngati simugwiritsa ntchito zolumikiza komanso zoyendera mtunda wautali, simugwiritsa ntchito matabwa. Mapaipi a galimoto yonyamula amapitilira 1.5M pamwamba pa chonyamulira. Pakubwezeretsanso ntchito yomanga, mtunda wa chitoliro ndi 0.20mm. Miyala, njerwa, kapena kubwezeredwa kwachindunji kumawononga kunja kwa chitoliro chachitsulo chagalasi. Pakumanga, sizinapezeke munthawi yake kuti kukakamizidwa kwakukulu kudachitika ndipo kutayikira kudachitika.
1.3, zojambula
Mkulu-kuthamanga madzi jekeseni ali kuthamanga ndi kugwedera lalikulu. Mapaipi a FRP: mapaipi opunduka, omwe amasintha mwadzidzidzi munjira ya axial ndi lateral kuti apange mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ulusi usalumikizane ndikuphulika. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamanjenjemera m'malo olumikizana ndi malo olumikizira zitsulo, ma metering, maheadhead, ma flowmeters ndi mapaipi achitsulo a galasi, mapaipi achitsulo a galasi akutuluka.
1.4. Zomangamanga
Ntchito yomanga mapaipi a FRP imakhudza moyo wautumiki. Ubwino wa zomangamanga umawonetsedwa makamaka kuti kuya kwakwe sikufikira pamapangidwe, zotetezera sizimavala pamisewu ikuluikulu, ngalande zadothi, ndi zina zambiri, komanso centralizer, chopondera mpando, chithandizo chokhazikika, kuchepetsa ntchito ndi zida, ndi zina zambiri. .sinawonjezeredwa pamtengowo malinga ndi kufotokozera. Chifukwa chodumpha chitoliro cha FRP.
1.5 Zinthu zakunja
Mapaipi a jekeseni wamadzi a FRP amadutsa malo ambiri, ambiri omwe ali pafupi ndi minda kapena ngalande. Chizindikiro chabedwa kwa moyo wautali wautumiki. Matauni akumidzi ndi midzi imagwiritsa ntchito makina kuti azigwiritsa ntchito njira zosungira madzi chaka chilichonse, kuwononga mapaipi ndi kutayikira.
Nthawi yamakalata: Aug-12-2021